Gender Inequality-Charlotte Gilman Janet Chafetz

Gender Inequality Charlotte P. Gilman amp; Janet Chafetz Gender Inequality Gender Inequality is when men and women are separated by the belief that one gender is superior to the other in forms that deny full participation or restrictions to one’s ability to live an equal life. Ever since the dawn of time there has been one gender superior to the other and to this day there are still gender differences in the political, economical and physical life of a male versus a female. Charlotte Perkins Gilman is one theorist that I chose to help explain this trend of males having power over women. Gilman was an evolutionist theorist; her point of view helps me explain how gender inequality came about and how women are viewed during the late†¦show more content†¦Gilman would propose that this would fall under her gynaecocentric theory where men were too powerful and women were slowly moved from the productive sphere and were exploited. Chafetz proposes that these women were in the meso level of her coercive structure. Women held positions such as nurse s to help aid the men, while there was no chance of them advancing or even getting paid. This was also based on an unintentional change because men were out at war and so women were left to take over some positions to fill the gaps. In the 1900’s everything began to change for women. Men went to fight at WWI so their positions as airplane and automotive mechanics, truck drivers and police officers had to be replenished (Women, 2010). Women were also discouraged from taking jobs from men. Some states even forbid Image source: http://school.discoveryeducation.com women to work but many had to support their family some way so they worked despite the low wages and horrible conditions (Women, 2010). The Ziegfield Image source:silverscreenmodiste.comsilverscreenmodiste.comsilverscreenmodiste.com Follies were women who had to be a certain size and look a certain way to be able to perform (work). The different changes since the beginning of time justify Gilman’s theory of evolution. The economy during this time period has change so much that these women had to do what was in their best interest and work regardless ofShow MoreRelatedFeminist Theory2762 Words   |  12 Pagesto achieve them. For nearly one hundred and fifty years, women have fought for equality and been oppressed by men, and no matter what they do, they will never be considered equals (Hughes, 2002:161). Feminism focuses on the relations between genders and how both male and female become classified as distinct groups rather than a team united as one. The preceding was what feminists and historians want us believe, however, this is not always the case and quite possibly, it has never been the

The Types of Tourism in Belarus Free Essays

When speaking about tourism potential of Belarus, it’s important to mention that it is mainly based on natural diversity and beauty and unique historic and cultural heritage including thousands of tourism objects of historic, cultural and architectural value, memorable places connected with the names of world’s outstanding historical and cultural figures. Cultural tourism (or culture tourism) is the subset of tourism concerned with a country or region’s culture, specifically the lifestyle of the people in those geographical areas, the history of those peoples, their art, architecture, religion(s), and other elements that helped shape their way of life. On the territory of Belarus there is a number of ancient towns such as Polotsk, Novogrudok, Turov, Grodno, Nesvizh and many others. We will write a custom essay sample on The Types of Tourism in Belarus or any similar topic only for you Order Now In many towns there are numerous temples and monasteries, palaces, castles and other monuments of architectural, historic and cultural value. Four architectural monuments that situated on the territory of the Republic of Belarus are included in the List of UNESCO World Heritage: Castle complex †Mirâ€Å" situated in the village of Mir (Grodno region), architectural and cultural complex of the Radzivilles at the town of Nesvizh (Minsk region), Belovezhskaya Pushcha (Brest region), the Struve Geodetic Arc (a chain of survey triangulations stretching from Hammerfest in Norway to the Black Sea, through ten countries and over 2,820 km). Nowadays the most popular excursions are connected with cultural, ethnographic and historic heritage of Belarus, such as â€Å"Budslav-Glubokoe-Mosar†, â€Å"Dudutki†, â€Å"The world of small towns† (Ivenez-Rakov). Rehabilitation tourism (also called medical travel, health tourism or global healthcare) is a term initially coined by travel agencies and the mass media to describe the rapidly-growing practice of traveling to obtain health care. From the almost forgotten folktales and ancient legends the deep-rooted belief in the healing power of nature is becoming stronger and stronger in us, the children of the hi-tech age. And this belief isn’t so naive. Belarus actually possesses a variety of resources for the development of therapeutical and rehabilitation tourism. The fund of healing resources including a complex of climatic factors alongside with mineral water springs and medicinal peloids facilitates the treatment of quite a range of diseases. In Belarus the background for developing this type of tourism is rather rich. There are many mineral water resources, therapeutic peloids, speleo, climatic and phytotherapeutic resources. This potential is used by various sanatorium-and-spa institutions on the territory of Belarus. There are more than 300 sanatorium-and-spa institutions including sanatoria, recreation centers, vacation houses, rehabilitation centers for children. The most popular sanatoria are â€Å"Naroch†, â€Å"Radon†, â€Å"Belaya Rus†, â€Å"Ozerny†. Recreation centers of republic importance are â€Å"Vileika†(the largest in Belarus), â€Å"Berezino†, â€Å"Stolbzy†, â€Å"Ivenez†. You can try the more active way of restoring your energy and fitness, unless the quiet sanatorium surrouding suits your rhythm of life. There are several tourist centers that serve the aim of health resumption. They are  «Narochanka »,  «Vysoky bereg »,  «Braslavskie ozyora »,  «Lesnoye ozero »,  «Beloye ozero »,  «Losvido »,  «Orta »,  «Sozh »,  «Nieman ». Belarus has all the facilities for those who is used to the active way of life and is fond of being challenged by hiking, cycling, horse and water travelling so you can choose what suits you more for having a good time and rest. Belarus has a gentle nature, virgin woods and calm, blue eyes of the lakes and endless fields stretching as far as eye can follow. Water tourism is becoming the most enjoyed one in Belarus, the country with more than 20 thousand rivers and 10 thousand lakes. Lakes Naroch, Svityaz and Braslav Lakes, the rivers Narochanka, Villia, Ysloch, Nieman, Shchara, Prypiats, Berezina are extremely popular waterways among the tourists. There great prospects for the water tourism will become available due to the launching of the project on the water canals of XVIII-XIX cent. restoration. They are Avgustovsky, Ogynsky canals of the Berezina water system. What is more the Dnieper-and-Bug canal will be facilitated with tourism infrastrucrure. And for this restoration the ancient waterways of polish kings and the legendary way â€Å"from Varagian to Greek† will come to life. The abundance of easy waterways will acquaint you with a range of main sights of the country let alone bring you a delight of rafting. There are the east to west and north to south itineraries. Another favourite itinerary that enjoys the popularity is a hike to the special nature reserve â€Å"Golubye ozyora† (Blue lakes). The scenery of the two sapphires of the lakes Gloublya and Gloubelka that unfolds magnificently when you stand on the observation ground makes you stop and stare. Belarusian roads invite everyone to have amusing bike rides. This means of transport makes you feel free and careless, feel the touch with nature not breaking its fragile balance. Besides the bike-routes within the country there are some from Germany and Poland to Russia and the countries of the Baltic Sea. How to cite The Types of Tourism in Belarus, Papers

The structure and arrangement of leafs Essay Example

The structure and arrangement of leafs Essay Leaf from a tree: below is a short description of an ordinary leaf. This is the most common set up for a leaf. Each cell has their important task for survival. The characteristic of an ordinary terrestrial leaf is:The leaf is wide and thin to expose as much photosynthetic cells as possible. The leaf has a waxy cuticle to protect the leaf from losing to much water. Below the cuticle is the epidermis that protects the plant from pathogens. The cuticle is secreted by epidermis. Under the epidermis palisade mesophyll can be found.They contain photosynthetic cells called chloroplast. Chloroplast are solar- powered-food-making cells for the rest of the plant. These absorb sunlight to join carbon dioxide and water molecules. The final product is glucose molecules. The by-product of this process is oxygen. Below the palisade mesophyll there are several types of cells: Xylem vessels are heavy lignifified and they are conducting water and mineral salts to the rest of the leaf. Phloem sleave tu bes remove products of photosyntasis, imports amino acid and redistribute ions (xylem and phloem are together vascular bundles). Spongy mesophyll are cells that contain some chloroplast, they are irregular in shape with large space in between the cells to allow exchange of gases. Water evaporates from these cells.Under the leaf is the lower epidermis. It has a similar structure and function as upper epidermis but thinner.In the lower epidermis guard cells and stomata is present.Stomata are pores in the leaf allowing diffusion of gases. Stomata are formed by two guard cells on each side of an opening of a pore.The stomata are responsible for the exchange of gases, it will also allow for loss of excess water or the retention of water. The stomata close at night and open during the day.NymphaeaWater lilyThe floating leaf such as the water lilys have their roots in a bottom of a pond and their leaves and flowers are floating on the surface of the water. The leaf is big and thin. This is to increase the surface to leave as many photosynthetic cells as possible exposed to the sun. The water lily has had to make adaptations to survive this environment.The epidermis produces a leathery and waxy cuticle. The cuticles task is to protect the plant from evaporation. The cuticle is important, as the plant has to protect itself from attacked by any bacteria, fungi or pathogens. This helps the plant floating and water can roll off keeping the leaf clean from dust assisting in photosynthesis. It also helps the structure of the plan so it dose not curl up or gets folded over by wind or waves. As the Nymphaea is always floating, the epidermis have all their stomata on the top of the leaf. This unusual arrangement allows the leaf to exchange gases. It also makes the plant loose more water but water is never a problem for a water lily.The stomata have pores in the epidermis accompanied by guard cells that has the ability to open the pores up or close them.The nympheae epidermis h as parlisade mesophyll that is rich in photosynthetic chloroplast. The Parlisade mesophyll is particularly thick in the water lily. The cells are stacked on top of each other and have big air spaces. These air spaces help the plant afloat. In the parlisade mesophyll are sclereids cells that are dead, hard, fibrous cells that support the structure to the leaf and provide some toughness for the leaf and prevent the parlisade mespophyll from collapsing.Below is the spongy mesophyll. Where some gas exchanges occur it also has intercellular cavities (aerenchyma), which provide buoyancy. The bottom of the leaf has epidermis but the stomata are plugged, not letting any water in to the air spaces.Marram grassMarram grass has adapted to survive life on a beach where it faces challenges such as sand blast, drought and a salty environment. When it rains fresh water drains quickly away in the sand. The marram grass has made many adaptations to retrain water. The plant has developed some salt re sistant.The marram grass is surrounded by water but fresh water is hard to come by on a beach. Marram grass has developed shallow root system and is dependent on condensation from fresh water in the sand dunes. In turn this helps the sand to stay on the beach.The roots suck up the water and distribute it to the rest of the plant.If the marram grass would have big leafs as the water lily or a tree leaf the marram grass would loose the water quickly due to evaporation.So marram grass has developed many additional adaptations to protect the water is has retained. The leaf itself it long, thin and rolled up. It has developed a thick waxy cuticle to reduce transpiration and protects it leaf from sandblast. The upper epidermis does not have any stomata. This is to reduce transpiration further. In the lower epidermis are hinge cells, these cell regulate the structure and control the cavity of the leaf. If the marram grass is under stress and does not have much water the hinge cells becomes flaccid making the marram grass to roll up to almost a circle and create a humid atmosphere inside the leaf. They are ether flaccid or rigid depending on whether the cells release or retrain water. In this way the marram grass can protect the water supply remaining in the plant and at the same time reduce the plants surface exposed from the drying effects of wind and sun. (In the lower epidermis stomata is present.) The mesophyll with its photosynthetic tissue is protected from direct sunlight. This is to reduce demand from water.The lower epidermis has fine hair that interlock in the rolled up state helping the plant to retain the water. When the plant spread the leaf out the fine hair can collect water vapour. When the plant is rolled up it prevent the plant from collecting carbon dioxide and no foodstuff for the plant is produced. This is a small price to pay for survival of the plant.EricaHeatherErica grows in bog land where the earth often gets waterlogged and soil has a high content of acid. The heather is exposed to wet, cold and windy weather and the soil has high peat content. To survive the Erica had to make adaptations. The plant does not retain water very well, as the leaf is small, thin and almost like a needle. The heather has developed defense mechanisms against dehydration. The leaf has a particularly thick epidermis and the cuticle is waxy and shiny. This is to protect the leaf from the winds dehydrating effects. The shine of the cuticle helps the leaf to reflect the heat this is also done to protect the plants water supply. The erica is partially rolled up this is to protect the under surface of the leaf against the wind. Stomata are only present under the leaf (abaxial surface). The stomata are sunken and surrounded by hairs and allow water vapor build up in this enclosed aria. These hairs and sunken stomata help to reduce the water evaporation. The hair also supplies the leaf with their own environment under the leaf to retrain water. The heather has evergreen leafs which means it can use the leaf more than one year to produce food for the plant.Further questions:1) How to prepare a microscope on a high power.a) Place the object on the stageb) Adjust the lens to the lowest magnification.c) Adjust the light adjuster making sure enough light gets in to the lens.d) Look at the object from the side of the stage and use the lens adjuster making sure the lens is just above the object.e) Look down the eye piece and adjust the focus until the object is in focus.f) Change the magnification to a higher power. Adjust the focus until you se the slide clearly.2a) 1 Epidermis, 2 Collenchyma, 3 Parenchyma, 4 Xylem,5 Sclerenchyma, 6 Cambium2b) Epidermis has tough fibers. Epidermis protects the plant from pathogens and forces like wind. The epidermis in helianthus is one cell thick but has developed small, thin hair. This is to preserve water in the plant by limiting air movement and to reflect light. The epidermis also produces the cuticle. This is to protect the plant further from water loss and invasion against bacteria and pathogens.Sclerenchyma is like a cap of the vascular bundle. They have developed in to supporting fibers that offer the plant strength. They are heavy lignified and have no living content.Cambium is a non-specified cell cells that are found in the middle of xylem or phloem. They are square like cells that can either divide to xylem or phoem, depending where the cells are needed.

Californium Facts

Californium Facts Californium is a radioactive rare earth element that can be used as a neutron source. Atomic Number: 98Symbol: CfAtomic Weight: 251.0796Discovery: G.T. Seaborg, S.G. Tompson, A. Ghiorso, K. Street Jr. 1950 (United States)Word Origin: State and University of California Properties: Californium metal has not been produced. Californium (III) is the only ion stable in aqueous solutions. Attempts to reduce or oxidize californium (III) have been unsuccessful. Californium-252 is a very strong neutron emitter. Uses: Californium is an efficient neutron source. It is used in neutron moisture gauges and as a portable neutron source for metal detection. Isotopes: The isotope Cf-249 results from the beta decay of Bk-249. Heavier isotopes of californium are produced by intense neutron irradiation by the reactions. Cf-249, Cf-250, Cf-251, and Cf-252 have been isolated. Sources: Californium was first produced in 1950 by bombarding Cm-242 with 35 MeV helium ions. Electron Configuration [Rn] 7s2Â  5f10 Californium Physical Data Element Classification: Radioactive Rare Earth (Actinide)Density (g/cc): 15.1Melting Point (K): 900Atomic Radius (pm): 295Pauling Negativity Number: 1.3First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): (610)Oxidation States: 4, 3 References: Los Alamos National Laboratory (2001), Crescent Chemical Company (2001), Langes Handbook of Chemistry (1952), CRC Handbook of Chemistry Physics (18th Ed.)

Can You Take the ACT in College

Can You Take the ACT in College SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you took the ACT in high school, you were probably perfectly content to bid it farewell when you want on to college. If you didn't take it in high school, you were probably just as glad to get a pass on that particular trial. But what if you need to take it after you graduate? Can you take the ACT in college? Yes! It's absolutely possible to take the ACT in college; there's nothing standing in your way.This article will discuss reasons to take the ACT as a college student, what the process is like, and what makes it different than taking it in high school. Reasons to Take the ACT in College There are a few reasons a person might need to take the ACT in college. Some scholarships- and even jobs- require applicants to provide their scores. Usually that means scores from a high school test date, but, if youdidn't take the ACT in high school, or if you need higher scores and you think you can do better, then it may become necessary to take the test later on. Always be in contact with the organization you're applying to or through in order to get the most precise and specific information. Most of the time, if you're thinking about taking the ACT in college, it's connected to a prospective transfer.Many schools require ACT scores, and you want to put your very best foot forward. That may mean retesting, if your high school scores weren't great. Some schools have different requirements for different circumstances. They may require scores only for first-year and possibly second-year applicants. They may require scores only if students already took the test. Other schools are test-optional or test-blind. This means that you will not be required to submit test scores, whether you're a transfer or applying afresh. Test-optional schools will accept scores but do not require them, where as test-blind schools will not look at your scores at all. The moral of the story is, you need to know the policy of the college in question. If you can't find the necessary information online- and many colleges have web pages specific to transfer policies- it's important to contact someone at the school. The website may have an email address for the administrative offices; otherwise, you'll have to pick up a phone and call. This student iswondering just how badly he needs those ACT scores. Logistics of Taking the ACT in College The mechanics of taking the test will be largely unchanged for you as a college student. If you took it in high school, it's going to be the same basic deal, logistically, as it was then. How to Register You can register online or, technically, by mail. Now, it's not especially convenient to do it by mail, but it's possible. You'll berequired to submit a picture and providesome very basic personal information, and you'll be asked to answer a number of non-mandatory questions about coursework, etc.Online, the process is said to take about 40 minutes. Where Can You Take It You're going to be taking the ACT at a test center. This might be a high school, or it might be a college campus; either way, you'll be taking it with local high schoolers. The fact that you're a college student isn't treated specially. You'll be takingthe ACTthe same way, in the same place, as all the other test-takers. Advice for Testers in College Remember, the ACT is designed for high schoolers. Don't think, though, that it'll be a breeze for you just because you're in college. You've probably gotten a little rusty on some of those high school topics. Recall that the ACT tests reading, math, English, science, and writing. Depending on your major, you may not have been coveringall of these topics in your college coursework. In other words, one way or another, it's been awhile since you were fully fluent in everything the ACT tests you on. As such, it's important to prep for the testand get back up to speed on anything that's fallen by the wayside. Realize that the test does undergo changes from time to time. There hasn't been any major overhaul recently, but there have been a few pronounced adjustments. As of last year, there are nowpaired passages on the Reading test, and the Writing test has been completely redesigned.The test is going to be at least a little different than the last time you took it (if you've taken it at all). This is another reason to prepare. On the ACT, as in an emergency, it's always best to be prepared. 3 Key Tips on Preparing for the ACT in College The logistics of registration may not change much from high school to college, but your strategy on how to prepare should. Get Familiar with the ACT's Unique Style Questions on the ACT are not designed to mimic our everyday interactions; the questions are dense and rigid, as are the answer choices. It's definitely not anything insurmountable, but you don't want to let this fact slow you down on test day. Therefore, it's important to take a practice test and examine practice questions to get a feel for the style and tone of the test. Review Topics You're Not Fully Secure On As mentioned above, there are bound to be a few subjects you've kind of forgotten. It's not wise to take the test cold; if you do, you're taking a serious gamble. If your score is not what you want, you've lost the test fee and several hours of your weekend- for nothing. A little preparation in the first place will save you that headache and help you avoid needing to take the thing yet again. Consider Your Schedule and Your Needs College, for many people, is an extraordinarily busy time. It's a time when we're learning how to balance involvementin the activities we're passionate about with the need for downtime. Classes are already grueling; add on sports, clubs, jobs, and hanging out with friends, and things can get out of hand quickly. Be realistic, then, about your limits. Give yourself plenty of time to study. Check your schedule and your syllabi- don't commit to taking the ACT in the midst of midterms or anything like that! You don't want too many tests piling up on the horizon. Conclusion There are a few reasons to take the ACT in college, and we've talked a little about how to approach the task. The whole process is basically the same as it is for high schoolers: you'll be registering the same way, and you'll be in a test center with high schoolers. Still, you need to recognize that you're approaching it at a different age and from a different era in your life. The main relevance of this is the importance of studying for the test ahead of time; it's not designed for college students, so you need to get used to the way it works. What's Next? Read more about the logistics of the ACT in general. It's a good idea to be familiar with the process of the test. Remember that all questions on standardized tests can be viewed as analytical. Let that inform your approach onthe test. Since the essay may be a little different than what you're writing in your classes, take some time to get used to how to handle the Writing section. Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.

Hate groups in US Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hate groups in US - Essay Example Their primary purpose is to spread malice and enmity and create a source of fear within the society. Hate groups are known to be more prevalent in the United States of America (USA) with a constant rise in the numbers and as per the Southern Poverty Law Centre ( SPLC) , 2011 has shown over 1000 active hate groups (Roy, 2002). The Anti-Defamation League (ADL) and the SPLC are the two main organizations in the USA that monitor hate groups and help maintain law and order. (Roy, 2002) Various reasons and explanations have been put forward by researchers as to why such hate groups exist, the main factors being: economical crisis, antipathy towards the immigrating crowd, political turmoil, change of governments and minor groups not been given equal opportunities. Reasons can be plenty but none justify their existence and the fact that the US government is unable to eradicate such groups. SPLC maintains a list of these groups and supports the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) in their f ight against these radical groups. The hate groups demonstrate their views through speeches, meetings, rallies and criminal acts of violence as well to prove their point (Roy, 2002).

Healthy School Lunches for all Children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Healthy School Lunches for all Children - Essay Example The main activities this campaign involves itself in is advising and educating the government, school administration, parents, food service workers, and the overall public on the benefits of healthy food choices for children for their short-term and long-term health benefits. Most schools serve children food that is high in cholesterol and low in fibre. However, the Healthy School Lunch Campaign encourages more schools to serve children food high in fibre, cholesterol free, and with low fat. The campaign includes presentations in schools, advertisements in the media, posters, among others. This will help reduce the rising obesity rates in America, especially child obesity. The Healthy School Lunches campaign in one of their posters, reaches out to the public by portraying a beautiful young girl thinking, â€Å"President Obama’s daughters get healthy school lunches. Why don’t I?† In this poster, the healthy school lunches organization wants to bring the public the message that healthy eating is important for children. If the daughters of the president do not eat unhealthily, then why should the citizens let unhealthy food to be served to their children? This message creates emphasis to the audience, as it portrays their children as less special, for their continued eating of unhealthy food, compared to Obama’s Sasha and Malia, to whom healthy eating is a priority. The creators of this poster have used different techniques and have skilfully developed a convincing message for the public about healthy eating for children in schools (â€Å"Healthy School Lunches Organization†). The use of an image in this poster is meant to attract people’s attention to reading the poster. In this case, the image is that of a young girl. She is a beautiful, smiling, and innocent-looking young girl, of around 10 years of age. This girl is shown thinking about how the presidents’ daughters eat healthily while she does not eat in the sa me healthy manner at school. When people see such an image, it draws them into thinking about the addressed issue of unhealthy eating. They will feel sorry for the young girl, considering it is not her mistake to be served unhealthy lunc